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To adapt to the general educational requirements for military academies to prepare for victory under the new situation, the present paper proposed the overall thought of strengthening the post education for military hygiene through analyzing the main problems and causes existing in the current education, combined with the experience and practice of foreign military post education. Moreover, we combined the current situation and reality of post education in military medical universities, and analyzed the corresponding countermeasures from the aspects of teaching staff, course construction, information construction, teaching method and assessment model, expecting to provide guidance and help for better carrying out the post education of military hygiene in the future.
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In modern war, the advancement of military technology and weapons results in the gathering of severe casualties and increases the difficulty in field rescue, which brings great challenges for medical staff to complete the assessment, classification and rescue tasks in a short time. Ultrasonic examination can easily and quickly screen and diagnose the wounded in battlefield environment or field hospital, and improve the efficiency of classification and treatment. Ultrasonic visualization technology can improve the screening and diagnosis efficiency of war trauma patients with chest, abdomen, craniocerebral and skeletal soft tissue injuries. It also provides convenience for emergency treatment of war trauma patients and improves the emergency treatment effects. This paper reviews the application of ultrasonic visualization technology in the evaluation and emergency treatment of war trauma patients.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiology and causes of skin diseases in marine-training soldiers stationed in east coastal areas of China under the military training environment in new period, and to propose measures for prevention and treatment. Methods Multi-stage sampling including cluster sampling, stratified sampling and simple random sampling were used to select 768 marine-training soldiers stationed in the east coastal areas of China. They were surveyed by a questionnaire and received physical examination of skin diseases before diagnosing and prescribing by attending physicians. Logistic multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between skin diseases and the possible causes of skin diseases. Results A total of 696 (90.63%) valid questionnaires were collected, and the participants ranged in age from 17-32 years old. It was found that 349 (50.14%) soldiers had skin diseases, which fell into 34 types, with a total of 755 onsets, mainly infectious skin diseases (565 onsets, 74.83%). The incidence of skin diseases among marine-training soldiers was related to climate, environment, training conditions, and eating habits, and the causes of the disease were complicated. Conclusion The incidence of skin diseases among marine-training soldiers is high and has many influencing factors. More efforts should be made for promoting knowledge of skin disease prevention, scientific military training, better living condition and habit, more careful medical service, and provision of new drugs to reduce skin diseases among the soldiers.
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Vector-borne diseases are caused by pathogens transmitted through vectors. Vector-borne diseases can lead to the non-combat depletion of strength and even lead to cancellation or failure of the military operations. In this article, we introduced a “Leishmaniasis Control Program” (LCP) at Tallil Air Base (TAB), Iraq established by the U. S. armed forces, which summed up and expounded vector-borne diseases prevention and control strategies of U. S. armed forces. Furthermore, our army should learn from successful experience of foreign armies, and make protective projects and measures against vector-borne diseases according to our local conditions, so as to improve the fighting capacity.
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As it becomes normal for the PLA navy to sail to the open sea for training and the the multiple kinds of offshore military tasks it will face on the sea, the navy officers and soldiers will face more complicated health care problems, which brings greater challenges to the naval medical service support. In this review, we started from the problems in the medical service support; using the spatial analysis functions of geographic information' system (GIS), and designed a navalmedical service support GIS functional model, which included three functional modules: monitoring of the woundedand diseased, informationmanagement of naval medical service resource, and assistant decision-making for military medical service; and we also discussed the application of GIS in monitoring and early warning of the diseases, analysis and evaluation of risk factors, health resource allocation and decision-making support for health service.
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Objective To establish a military disease prevention and control website to achieve dissemination of disease control information , resource sharing , business communication in the whole army , and popularize relevant knowledge of disease prevention and control promotion among the troops .Methods Based on the content management system and meta-data repository platform,B/S system architecture, JSP,MySQL and other programming techniques and tools were used to complete the system development .Results The military disease prevention and control website we designed has been for-mally launched ,which was able to implement a set of functions such as content distribution , full-text retrieval ,classification and aggregation of knowledge , online consultation .Conclusion This website plays a positive role in enhancing military prevention and control ,popularizing relevant laws and regulations ,meeting the health needs of the army soldiers and impro-ving the ability of disease prevention in grass-roots units.
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Military hygiene is one of compulsory courses for undergraduates majored in clinical medicine in military colleges. Aiming at the disconnection between theoretical and practical ability in the traditional teaching process and combining with professional features of military hygiene, teaching reform should give priority to curriculum standards, human resource construction, teaching content and method, teaching quality assessment and feedback system. Meanwhile, teaching idea of‘learning to use’ should be strengthened and teaching scheme in line with the actual needs of military health service security work should be put forward in order to provide new ideas for training military health personnel.
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Essa pesquisa analisa o periódico Medicina Militar, publicado entre abril de 1910 e junho de 1923 no Rio de Janeiro, por um grupo de oficiais do Serviço de Saúde do Exército Brasileiro, que tinham como objetivo declarado transmitir conhecimento científico ao pessoal de saúde distribuído por todo o Brasil. Nesse estudo a revista é dissecada de forma a possibilitar aos leitores uma apreciação geral detodos os seus aspectos, da formatação ao conteúdo. Nesse processo são analisados todos os exemplares produzidos no período em questão, além dos relatórios e personagens. Seu conjunto temático é analisado através de artigos que exemplificam as questões mais relevantes para o universo militar, em particular, passando pelas doenças, higiene militar e pela atuação do pessoal de saúde em campanha.
This research analyzes Military Medicine, a periodic publication printed between April 1910 and June 1923 in Rio de Janeiro, by a group of officers from the Brazilian Army Health Service. Their objective was to transfer scientific knowledge to their comrades spread all over Brazil. In this study the magazine is reviewed to extend to the readers a general view of all its aspects, from formatting to content. In this process, allissues published in the abovementioned period are analyzed, as well as the reports and characters involved. The magazines philosophy is analyzed through articles exemplifying the most relevant questions in the military world, in particular illnesses, military hygiene, and the participation of medical military personnel in the field.
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History of Medicine , Military Hygiene , Military Personnel , Serial Publications/history , Public Health/history , Health Services/history , BrazilABSTRACT
The rapid medical rescue action by People's Liberation Army after Wenchuan Earthquake demonstrated the great role of military health rescue power; meanwhile, it also uncovered some problems in the military health services under new condition. To excellently accomplish multiple types of military missions is a new function of the army, and it puts forward new demand on military health service. Military medical university plays an important role in military medical services and has strong advantages. Under new condition, military medical university should take advantage of itself, reform training system, renew training contents, so as to upgrade the military health service capability in an all around way.
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Several problems were existed in present military hygiene teaching.In recent years,integrated reforms were done about the improving undergraduate and teacher's activities,strictly choosing teaching contents,doing well extra curriculum,and serious examination in nursing teaching.Furthermore,the new presumptions were also discussed.
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The new course standard of nursing specialty in military hygiene was established against the main problems in military hygiene teaching and considering the peacetime and wartime need of nursing post.In this paper,guiding ideology,content choosing and the request of operational skill of this standard were discussed in detail.
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300 000 military people attended the rescue task of the Chernobyl accident,some of them encountered a certain level of radiation exposure.The present paper outlined the work and experiences of the faculty of Ukraine Military 408 hospital on the mission of rescuing and treating the injured people.The action of first aid,medical rescue,and treatment includes three stages,and has being persisted till now.It was herewith reported that the emphatic working points,scale of military rescue and medical assistance and the composition of working teams for each stage.The hospital has de novel established the necessary clinical and experimental departments according to the need of rescuing task.594 people,who exposed to radiation at the dose range from 0.25 to 0.5Gy,were carried out physical examination,experimental check and health analysis in this hospital.The occurrence of hematological change was increased along with the increased radiation dose.It should be pointed out that the late effects of cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal system must be paid attention for these exposed people.The present paper also discussed the problem and other issues to be improved in the process of rescue and medical assistance.
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Objective To review the progresses in epidemiology worldwide,and to summarize the achievements in military epidemiology in recent five years,so as to provide an orientation of development of epidemiology in the future. Methods Research articles in the field of epidemiology published were retrieved by information research method. The progress in basic theory,research methods and field application of epidemiology were summarized and the developmental tendency of the subject was analyzed. Results As a basic subject of preventive medicine,epidemiology had made rapid progress in principles and study methods in recent years,and played an important role in diseases prevention and control. The advances in epidemiology mainly encompassed three aspects. Firstly,the study field had extended from only focusing on human diseases to human health and all health-related public health events. Secondly,several branches of epidemiology developed quickly,including field epidemiology,macroepidemiology,fundamental epidemiology and human genome epidemiology. The related study methods had been used for investigating the risk factors of diseases,controlling disease epidemics,decreasing impact of health events,and evaluating the effects of intervention. Thirdly,many new methods and technologies,such as molecular biological technologies and spatial information technologies,had been applied in epidemiological researches. Military epidemiology had obtained remarkable achievements in surveillance of diseases as well as epidemiological studies and prevention of common infectious diseases,natural focus diseases,injury and mental diseases in the armed forces. Conclusions In future,infectious disease epidemiology is still the most important subject in military epidemiology. More attention should be given to noninfectious diseases,especially traumas and mental health problems of the servicemen. Also,introduction of advanced technologies and methods will be helpful for prevention and control of related diseases.
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Dermatology is closely related to the health of officers and soldiers both in peace time and war time. Under special circumstances, skin diseases have a direct impact on efficiency and combat effectiveness of the military. Research work on fungal infections and psoriasis in the PLA has been playing a leading role domestically, as well as reaching international advanced standards. In the past 20 years, PLA dermatologists had been granted 32 second awards of Army Science and Technology Advancement Prize. Among them, the results of a series of research on fungal infections accomplished by the Second Military University was granted a second award of the State Science and Technology Advancement Prize. In the past 5 years, the team of dermatology profession has been growing rapidly in the PLA. Up to now, there are 6 departments with 11 tutors who are entitled to train postgraduate students seeking doctorate degree, and about 100 of them have succeeded in thesis defense and conferred the doctoral degree. However, at present, there are still many problems unsolved and further research is necessary. The most important task is, under the guide of bio-physic-social medical modality, various sophisticated technologies should be applied in basic research, prevention, diagnosis, treatment etc. in the field of dermatology, in order to assure the physical and psychological health of the servicemen.
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Objective:To explore the application of data envelopment analysis in optimal allocation of military health resources.Methods: The relative technical efficiency of 52 military health service units(MHSUs) was assessed by C~(2)GS~(2) model,a variable-return to scale,input oriented data envelopment analysis(DEA) method.MHSUs were classified with hierarchical clustering analysis.The confounding factors(geographic factor and arms of service) were analyzed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel ?~(2) test and the output of health service was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis H test;then the quantity of health resources of different types of MHSUs was compared using Kruskal-Wallis H test and the structure of the resources was analyzed with ratios of different items.Results: Eighteen of the 52 MHSUs were technical efficient and the median score was 0.84.The relative technical efficiencies of 52 MHSUs were clustered into 4 types: type A,type B,type C and type D,referring to the best performance,average performance,inferior performance and the worst performance,respectively.The quantity of type D MHSUs was higher than those of other types of MHSUs and the structure of type D MHSUs was unreasonable compared with other types of MHSUs.The quantity and structure of type D MHSUs could be adjusted according to those of the type A or type B MHSUs.Conclusion: Combined with other statistical methods,DEA can be used to evaluate,classify the relative technical efficiency and analyze the resource allocation of different types of decision making units(DMUs).The quantity and structure of health resource with inferior relative technical efficiency DMUs can be adjusted to optimize the allocation of health resources.
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65 healthy young male subjects(20-25 age) were divided into test group(N = 25) and control group(N = 40) .The test group were exposed to intense noise environ-ment(124dBA)and the control group in relatively quiet condition(80dBA) for 1 hour.At the end of 1 hour exposure, the blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiograph were m asured, and compared with that of pre-exposure.The results showed that the dia-stolic BP were rised,heart rate became slow and irregular after exposure to intense noise